Which model describes a Latin American city with nine zones including CBD, Wholesale/Light Manufacturing, Low-Class Residential, Medium-Class Residential, High-Class Residential, Heavy Manufacturing, Outlying BD, Residential Suburb, and Industrial Suburb, with social groups arranged around activity nodes?

Which model describes a Latin American city with nine zones including CBD, Wholesale/Light Manufacturing, Low-Class Residential, Medium-Class Residential, High-Class Residential, Heavy Manufacturing, Outlying BD, Residential Suburb, and Industrial Suburb, with social groups arranged around activity nodes?

• A. Latin American City Model
• B. Griffin-Ford Model
• C. Central Place Theory
• D. Demographic Transition Model

Answer: (A)

This item focuses on recognizing a Latin American city pattern where a central business district sits at the core, a commercial spine stretches outward, and social groups are arranged along activity nodes as the city expands. In this model, wealthier groups tend to cluster along a corridor radiating from the CBD, with mixed-use and lower-income zones layered around that spine, and manufacturing and industry occupying the outer fringes. The described nine zones fit that pattern precisely. The CBD anchors the center, a Wholesale/Light Manufacturing area lies along the expanding spine, and residential zones reflect social classes from high to low as you move away from the center. Heavy Manufacturing appears toward the periphery, while an Outlying Business District sits beyond the main zones. The Residential Suburb and Industrial Suburb occupy the outer rings, completing the outward spread of the city’s activity nodes. This arrangement is characteristic of the Latin American City Model (often called the Griffin-Ford model), which emphasizes social stratification organized around a central spine and peri-urban manufacturing and commerce. Other concepts describe different ideas—Central Place Theory focuses on market areas in a rural pattern, and the Demographic Transition Model explains population change over time—so they don’t match the described urban structure as closely.

This item focuses on recognizing a Latin American city pattern where a central business district sits at the core, a commercial spine stretches outward, and social groups are arranged along activity nodes as the city expands. In this model, wealthier groups tend to cluster along a corridor radiating from the CBD, with mixed-use and lower-income zones layered around that spine, and manufacturing and industry occupying the outer fringes.

The described nine zones fit that pattern precisely. The CBD anchors the center, a Wholesale/Light Manufacturing area lies along the expanding spine, and residential zones reflect social classes from high to low as you move away from the center. Heavy Manufacturing appears toward the periphery, while an Outlying Business District sits beyond the main zones. The Residential Suburb and Industrial Suburb occupy the outer rings, completing the outward spread of the city’s activity nodes. This arrangement is characteristic of the Latin American City Model (often called the Griffin-Ford model), which emphasizes social stratification organized around a central spine and peri-urban manufacturing and commerce.

Other concepts describe different ideas—Central Place Theory focuses on market areas in a rural pattern, and the Demographic Transition Model explains population change over time—so they don’t match the described urban structure as closely.