Which theory explains global inequality through historical exploitation by wealthy nations?

Which theory explains global inequality through historical exploitation by wealthy nations?

• A. Dependency Theory
• B. World Systems Theory
• C. Modernization Theory
• D. Ravenstein

Answer: (A)

Global inequality through historical exploitation by wealthy nations is explained by Dependency Theory. It argues that wealthier nations accumulated power and resources via colonial domination and ongoing extractive relationships, creating a persistent dependence of poorer regions on the core. This leads to an international division of labor that channels wealth from the periphery to the core, reinforced by terms of trade, debt, and multinational investments that keep less-developed areas dependent. Modernization Theory focuses on internal factors and a path of development, Ravenstein is about migration patterns, and World Systems Theory, while describing core–periphery dynamics, centers on the structure of the global economy rather than the explicit colonial exploitation narrative that Dependency Theory emphasizes.

Global inequality through historical exploitation by wealthy nations is explained by Dependency Theory. It argues that wealthier nations accumulated power and resources via colonial domination and ongoing extractive relationships, creating a persistent dependence of poorer regions on the core. This leads to an international division of labor that channels wealth from the periphery to the core, reinforced by terms of trade, debt, and multinational investments that keep less-developed areas dependent. Modernization Theory focuses on internal factors and a path of development, Ravenstein is about migration patterns, and World Systems Theory, while describing core–periphery dynamics, centers on the structure of the global economy rather than the explicit colonial exploitation narrative that Dependency Theory emphasizes.