Who developed a three-stage system of the epidemiologic transition?

Who developed a three-stage system of the epidemiologic transition?

• A. Hotelling, Harold
• B. Omran, Abdel
• C. Zipf, George
• D. Sauer, Carl

Answer: (A)

The idea being tested is how disease patterns change as societies develop. The three-stage epidemiologic transition was developed by Abdel Omran. He described a progression where, in the first stage, deaths are dominated by infectious diseases and famine; in the second stage, these outbreaks subside due to better sanitation, nutrition, and healthcare; in the third stage, chronic and degenerative diseases become the main causes of mortality as populations age and lifestyles shift. This framework helps explain why richer countries often move from infectious to chronic diseases as they industrialize, and it’s sometimes extended to include a fourth stage with delayed degenerative conditions due to medical advances. The other scholars listed are known for different ideas in geography: Harold Hotelling for location theory, George Zipf for Zipf’s law, and Carl Sauer for cultural ecology and the cultural landscape.

The idea being tested is how disease patterns change as societies develop. The three-stage epidemiologic transition was developed by Abdel Omran. He described a progression where, in the first stage, deaths are dominated by infectious diseases and famine; in the second stage, these outbreaks subside due to better sanitation, nutrition, and healthcare; in the third stage, chronic and degenerative diseases become the main causes of mortality as populations age and lifestyles shift. This framework helps explain why richer countries often move from infectious to chronic diseases as they industrialize, and it’s sometimes extended to include a fourth stage with delayed degenerative conditions due to medical advances. The other scholars listed are known for different ideas in geography: Harold Hotelling for location theory, George Zipf for Zipf’s law, and Carl Sauer for cultural ecology and the cultural landscape.